By T. Flint. Capella University. 2017.

Cross References Allodynia; Hyperalgesia; Hyperpathia; Paresthesia Dysexecutive Syndrome The term executive function encompasses a range of cognitive processes including sustained attention discount priligy 90mg mastercard, fluency and flexibility of thought cheap 60mg priligy otc, problem solving skills, planning and regulation of adaptive and goal-directed behavior. Some authors prefer to use these individ- ual terms, rather than “lump” them together as executive function. Deficits in these various functions, the dysexecutive syndrome, are typ- ically seen with lateral prefrontal cortex lesions. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003: 259-279 Cross References Attention; Frontal lobe syndromes - 101 - D Dysgeusia Dysgeusia Dysgeusia is a complaint of distorted taste perception. It may occur along with anosmia as a feature of upper respiratory tract infections, and has also been described with various drug therapies, in psychiatric diseases, and as a feature of zinc deficiency. Cerebellar dysfunction, mental changes, anorexia and taste and smell dysfunction. Archives of Neurology 1975; 32: 745-751 Cross References Ageusia; Anosmia Dysgraphesthesia - see AGRAPHOGNOSIA; GRAPHESTHESIA Dysgraphia - see AGRAPHIA Dyskinesia Dyskinesia may be used as a general term for excessive involuntary movements, encompassing tremor, myoclonus, chorea, athetosis, tics, stereotypies, and hyperekplexia. The term may be qualified to describe a number of other syndromes of excessive movement, e. In MPTP-induced parkinsonism, dyskinesias tend to occur early, hence it may be the depth of dopamine deficiency rather than chronicity of treatment which is the key determinant; reduction in over- all levodopa use (increased frequency of smaller doses, con- trolled-release preparations, addition of dopamine agonists) may reduce these effects; amantadine is sometimes helpful. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998: 215-231 Cross References Athetosis; Chorea, Choreoathetosis; Dystonia; Hyperekplexia; Myoclonus; Parkinsonism; Stereotypy; Tic; Yo-yo-ing Dyslexia Dyslexia is difficulty or impairment in reading, usually applied to developmental abnormalities of reading ability. A loss of previously acquired reading ability is probably better termed alexia. Cross References Alexia Dysmentia The term dysmentia has been suggested as an alternative to dementia, to emphasize the possibility of treating and preventing cognitive decline. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 1994; 9: 1-4 Cross References Dementia Dysmetria Dysmetria, or past-pointing, is a disturbance in the control of range of movement in voluntary muscular action, and is one feature of the impaired checking response seen in cerebellar lesions (especially hemi- sphere lesions). Dysmetria may also be evident in saccadic eye movements: hypometria (undershoot) is common in parkinsonism; hypermetria (overshoot) is more typical of cerebellar disease (lesions of dorsal ver- mis and fastigial nuclei). In cerebellar disorders, dysmetria reflects the asynergia of coordi- nated muscular contraction.

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MEDICINE Christian Science Medicine is a spiritual healing system that rejects allopathic medicine cheap priligy 30mg free shipping. According to Mary Baker Eddy (1934:109–123) buy 30 mg priligy visa, founder of the Christian Science religion: “The term Christian Science... Only through prayer and divine intervention can they be corrected, returning the person to health. And there was always testimony of healing and how you saw it interact in your life. You sort of shared in conducting that experience and where you found quotes within the bible... I heard stories of people getting over cancer, people who were born blind see- ing without glasses. CREATIVE VISUALIZATION Creative visualization was popularized by Shakti Gawain in the late 1970s. As a therapeutic medium, healing is accomplished by using the power of the mind to effect the elimination of illness or disease. For example, to cure oneself of cancer using this approach, one concretely imagines the destruction of the tumour or cancerous cells “regularly until it becomes Appendix: The Therapies | 131 reality,” endowing the visualization with positive energy throughout the process of healing (Alternative health dictionary 2003). CRYSTAL HEALING Crystal healing is based on the notion that certain stones can be used as conduits for healing energy. One of the participants in this research, Jane, offered to give me a crystal healing session. She asked me to sit down and hold my feet up slightly while she held two crystals at the soles of my feet. She told me that the crystals were creating a circuit of positive energy that would course through my body. Positive energy would enter my body through my right foot, travel up and around my body, and push negative energy out through the bottom of my left foot. She also diagnosed as she treated, telling me I had had an injury to my shoulder some years ago.

In 1995 the Health Education Authority launched its ‘Sun know how’ campaign priligy 60mg low cost, followed up in 1996 with the slogan ‘Shift to the shade’ purchase 90mg priligy amex. The Australian advice ‘slip, slap, slop’—slip on a shirt, slap on a hat, slop on some suncream—has been widely adopted as part of the sun awareness crusade in Britain. Schools have been a particular target as children are advised to play in shaded areas, wear Legionnaire-style hats and long-sleeved shirts. Though public anxieties are focused on malignant melanoma— moles which turn cancerous—in fact these are a relatively rare type of skin cancer and the one least related to sunlight. They account for less than 10 per cent of skin cancers, around 4,000 cases a year in Britain. These commonly arise in areas of the body not much exposed to the sun, such as the back of the legs, soles of the feet, scalp and buttocks and they are as common in Japan, where sunbathing is not customary, as they are in the West. Though if diagnosed early and treated aggressively, most are curable, some cases are highly malignant and spread early to other parts of the body, resulting in a significant mortality (around 1,500 deaths a year). According to Newcastle dermatologist Sam Shuster, the dramatic increase in the number of ‘suspicious’ moles removed and sent for microscopic examination over the past decade has been paralleled by a tendency to reclassify benign disease as malignant (Shuster 1992). His conclusion is that ‘melanomas are being invented, not found’ and that the resulting ‘spurious cures’ are being ‘used to justify an incompetent and frightening screening programme’. Shuster’s colleague, Jonathan Rees believes that there is ‘no robust evidence to defend most health promotion in this area’ (Rees 1996). The Pill In October 1995 the government’s Committee on the Safety of Medicines wrote to all doctors and pharmacists alerting them to the dangers of an increased risk of blood clotting disorders (venous thromboembolism) associated with seven named brands of contraceptive pills. These, so-called ‘third generation’ pills had been 17 HEALTH SCARES AND MORAL PANICS introduced in the 1980s because they had a lower incidence of side- effects than earlier preparations. It subsequently emerged that, though there was an increase in the relative risk of these pills, compared with earlier pills, the risk was still half of that of thrombosis in pregnancy. In absolute terms, the risk of dying from thrombosis in any of these circumstances in any one year was around one-third of that involved in playing football (3 fatalities per 100,000). My dominant memory of this scare was of a twenty minute discussion about the different risks of different pills with a young woman, who then announced that she smoked twenty cigarettes a day (which is around two hundred times more of a threat to life than any contraceptive pill).

In situ pinning with a single screw was performed in the right hip purchase 30 mg priligy visa, and in the left hip a similar procedure was done 60mg priligy sale. We advised him not to engage in any sports activities; however, despite our admonition he discarded the crutch and began to play basketball before physeal closure. The head–shaft angle of the left hip changed from 20° immediately after surgery to 45° at 29 months after the primary pinning. The radiograph showed a radiolucency around the screw in the anterolateral metaphysis and maintenance of screw position in the femoral head. Ultimately, in this patient it took 4 years to demonstrate physeal closure from the time of initial pinning (Fig. In 18 patients with unilateral involvement, the mean difference of articulotrochanteric distance was 8. Remodeling occurred in 21 hips (91%) of 23 hips in which the frog-leg lateral radiograph was available. According to Jones’s classification, 16 hips were grouped in type A, 5 hips in type B, and 2 hips in type C (Fig. In 13 hips with moderate and severe slips, 12 hips showed remodeling and 9 hips showed remodeling in 64 S. Clinical result was excellent, and the radiograph showed type A remodeling. Remodeling and degree of slip Head–shaft angle Remodeled Not remodeled Type A Type B Type C 0°–29° 30° or more Between remodeled and not remodeled, Fisher’s exact probability = 0. Excluding two hips that showed no remodeling (type C), mild slips demonstrated significantly better remodeling than moderate or severe slips. There was no significant correlation between triradiate cartilage status and remodeling (Table 2). Remodeling and triradiate cartilage Triradiate Remodeled Not remodeled cartilage Type A Type B Type C Open 10 3 1 Fusion Between remodeled and not remodeled, Fisher’s exact probability = 0.